# NVDA 2025.3 Commands Quick Reference

## Using NVDA

### NVDA Touch Gestures

To toggle touch interaction support, press NVDA+control+alt+t.

#### Touch Modes

To toggle touch modes, perform a 3-finger tap.

### Basic NVDA commands

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Touch | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Starts or restarts NVDA | Control+alt+n | Control+alt+n | none | Starts or restarts NVDA from the Desktop, if this Windows shortcut is enabled during NVDA's installation process. This is a Windows specific shortcut and therefore it cannot be reassigned in the input gestures dialog.
Stop speech | Control | control | 2-finger tap | Instantly stops speaking
Pause Speech | shift | shift | none | Instantly pauses speech. Pressing it again will continue speaking where it left off (if pausing is supported by the current synthesizer)
NVDA Menu | NVDA+n | NVDA+n | 2-finger double-tap | Pops up the NVDA menu to allow you to access preferences, tools, help, etc.
Toggle Input Help Mode | NVDA+1 | NVDA+1 | none | Pressing any key in this mode will report the key, and the description of any NVDA command associated with it
Quit NVDA | NVDA+q | NVDA+q | none | Exits NVDA
Pass next key through | NVDA+f2 | NVDA+f2 | none | Tells NVDA to pass the next key press straight through to the active application - even if it is normally treated as an NVDA key command
Toggle application sleep mode on and off | NVDA+shift+s | NVDA+shift+z | none | sleep mode disables all NVDA commands and speech/braille output for the current application. This is most useful in applications that provide their own speech or screen reading features. Press this command again to disable sleep mode - note that NVDA will only retain the Sleep Mode setting until it is restarted.

### Reporting System Information

Name | key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Report date/time | NVDA+f12 | Pressing once reports the current time, pressing twice reports the date
Report battery status | NVDA+shift+b | Reports the battery status i.e. whether AC power is in use or the current charge percentage.
Report clipboard text | NVDA+c | Reports the Text on the clipboard if there is any.

### Speech modes

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Cycle Speech Mode | `NVDA+s` | Cycles between speech modes.

## Navigating with NVDA

### Navigating with the System Focus

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Report current focus | NVDA+tab | NVDA+tab | announces the current object or control that has the System focus. Pressing twice will spell the information
Report title | NVDA+t | NVDA+t | Reports the title of the currently active window. Pressing twice will spell the information. Pressing three times will copy it to the clipboard
Read active window | NVDA+b | NVDA+b | reads all the controls in the currently active window (useful for dialogs)
Report Status Bar | NVDA+end | NVDA+shift+end | Reports the Status Bar if NVDA finds one. Pressing twice will spell the information. Pressing three times will copy it to the clipboard
Report Shortcut Key | `shift+numpad2` | `NVDA+control+shift+.` | Reports the shortcut (accelerator) key of the currently focused object

### Navigating with the System Caret

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Say all | NVDA+downArrow | NVDA+a | Starts reading from the current position of the system caret, moving it along as it goes
Read current line | NVDA+upArrow | NVDA+l | Reads the line where the system caret is currently situated. Pressing twice spells the line. Pressing three times spells the line using character descriptions.
Read current text selection | NVDA+Shift+upArrow | NVDA+shift+s | Reads any currently selected text
Report text formatting | NVDA+f | NVDA+f | Reports the formatting of the text where the caret is currently situated. Pressing twice shows the information in browse mode
Report link destination | `NVDA+k` | `NVDA+k` | Pressing once speaks the destination URL of the link at the current caret or focus position. Pressing twice shows it in a window for more careful review
Report caret location | NVDA+numpadDelete | NVDA+delete | Reports information about the location of the text or object at the position of system caret. For example, this might include the percentage through the document, the distance from the edge of the page or the exact screen position. Pressing twice may provide further detail.
Next sentence | alt+downArrow | alt+downArrow | Moves the caret to the next sentence and announces it. (only supported in Microsoft Word and Outlook)
Previous sentence | alt+upArrow | alt+upArrow | Moves the caret to the previous sentence and announces it. (only supported in Microsoft Word and Outlook)

When within a table, the following key commands are also available:

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Move to previous column | control+alt+leftArrow | Moves the system caret to the previous column (staying in the same row)
Move to next column | control+alt+rightArrow | Moves the system caret to the next column (staying in the same row)
Move to previous row | control+alt+upArrow | Moves the system caret to the previous row (staying in the same column)
Move to next row | control+alt+downArrow | Moves the system caret to the next row (staying in the same column)
Move to first column | control+alt+home | Moves the system caret to the first column (staying in the same row)
Move to last column | control+alt+end | Moves the system caret to the last column (staying in the same row)
Move to first row | control+alt+pageUp | Moves the system caret to the first row (staying in the same column)
Move to last row | control+alt+pageDown | Moves the system caret to the last row (staying in the same column)
Say all in column | `NVDA+control+alt+downArrow` | Reads the column vertically from the current cell downwards to the last cell in the column.
Say all in row | `NVDA+control+alt+rightArrow` | Reads the row horizontally from the current cell rightwards to the last cell in the row.
Read entire column | `NVDA+control+alt+upArrow` | Reads the current column vertically from top to bottom without moving the system caret.
Read entire row | `NVDA+control+alt+leftArrow` | Reads the current row horizontally from left to right without moving the system caret.

### Object Navigation

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Touch | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Report current object | NVDA+numpad5 | NVDA+shift+o | none | Reports the current navigator object. Pressing twice spells the information, and pressing 3 times copies this object's name and value to the clipboard.
Move to containing object | NVDA+numpad8 | NVDA+shift+upArrow | flick up (object mode) | Moves to the object containing the current navigator object
Move to previous object | NVDA+numpad4 | NVDA+shift+leftArrow | none | Moves to the object before the current navigator object
Move to previous object in flattened view | NVDA+numpad9 | NVDA+shift+[ | flick left (object mode) | Moves to the previous object in a flattened view of the object navigation hierarchy
Move to next object | NVDA+numpad6 | NVDA+shift+rightArrow | none | Moves to the object after the current navigator object
Move to next object in flattened view | NVDA+numpad3 | NVDA+shift+] | flick right (object mode) | Moves to the next object in a flattened view of the object navigation hierarchy
Move to first contained object | NVDA+numpad2 | NVDA+shift+downArrow | flick down (object mode) | Moves to the first object contained by the current navigator object
Move to focus object | NVDA+numpadMinus | NVDA+backspace | none | Moves to the object that currently has the system focus, and also places the review cursor at the position of the System caret, if it is showing
Activate current navigator object | NVDA+numpadEnter | NVDA+enter | double-tap | Activates the current navigator object (similar to clicking with the mouse or pressing space when it has the system focus)
Move System focus or caret to current review position | NVDA+shift+numpadMinus | NVDA+shift+backspace | none | pressed once Moves the System focus to the current navigator object, pressed twice moves the system caret to the position of the review cursor
Report review cursor location | NVDA+shift+numpadDelete | NVDA+shift+delete | none | Reports information about the location of the text or object at the review cursor. For example, this might include the percentage through the document, the distance from the edge of the page or the exact screen position. Pressing twice may provide further detail.
Move review cursor to status bar | none | none | none | Reports the Status Bar if NVDA finds one. It also moves the navigator object to this location.

### Reviewing Text

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Touch | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Move to top line in review | shift+numpad7 | NVDA+control+home | none | Moves the review cursor to the top line of the text
Move to previous line in review | numpad7 | NVDA+upArrow | flick up (text mode) | Moves the review cursor to the previous line of text
Report current line in review | numpad8 | NVDA+shift+. | none | Announces the current line of text where the review cursor is positioned. Pressing twice spells the line. Pressing three times spells the line using character descriptions.
Move to next line in review | numpad9 | NVDA+downArrow | flick down (text mode) | Move the review cursor to the next line of text
Move to bottom line in review | shift+numpad9 | NVDA+control+end | none | Moves the review cursor to the bottom line of text
Move to previous word in review | numpad4 | NVDA+control+leftArrow | 2-finger flick left (text mode) | Moves the review cursor to the previous word in the text
Report current word in review | numpad5 | NVDA+control+. | none | Announces the current word in the text where the review cursor is positioned. Pressing twice spells the word. Pressing three times spells the word using character descriptions.
Move to next word in review | numpad6 | NVDA+control+rightArrow | 2-finger flick right (text mode) | Move the review cursor to the next word in the text
Move to start of line in review | shift+numpad1 | NVDA+home | none | Moves the review cursor to the start of the current line in the text
Move to previous character in review | numpad1 | NVDA+leftArrow | flick left (text mode) | Moves the review cursor to the previous character on the current line in the text
Report current character in review | numpad2 | NVDA+. | none | Announces the current character on the line of text where the review cursor is positioned. Pressing twice reports a description or example of that character. Pressing three times reports the numeric value of the character in decimal and hexadecimal.
Move to next character in review | numpad3 | NVDA+rightArrow | flick right (text mode) | Move the review cursor to the next character on the current line of text
Move to end of line in review | shift+numpad3 | NVDA+end | none | Moves the review cursor to the end of the current line of text
Move to previous page in review | `NVDA+pageUp` | `NVDA+shift+pageUp` | none | Moves the review cursor to the previous page of text if supported by the application
Move to next page in review | `NVDA+pageDown` | `NVDA+shift+pageDown` | none | Moves the review cursor to the next page of text if supported by the application
Move to start of selection in review | `NVDA+alt+home` | `NVDA+alt+home` | None | Moves the review cursor to the first character of the selected text
Move to end of selection in review | `NVDA+alt+end` | `NVDA+alt+end` | None | Moves the review cursor to the last character of the selected text
Say all with review | numpadPlus | NVDA+shift+a | 3-finger flick down (text mode) | Reads from the current position of the review cursor, moving it as it goes
Select then Copy from review cursor | NVDA+f9 | NVDA+f9 | none | Starts the select then copy process from the current position of the review cursor. The actual action is not performed until you tell NVDA where the end of the text range is
Select then Copy to review cursor | NVDA+f10 | NVDA+f10 | none | On the first press, text is selected from the position previously set as start marker up to and including the review cursor's current position. If the system caret can reach the text, it will be moved to the selected text. After pressing this key stroke a second time, the text will be copied to the Windows clipboard
Move to marked start for copy in review | NVDA+shift+f9 | NVDA+shift+f9 | none | Moves the review cursor to the position previously set start marker for copy
Report text formatting | NVDA+shift+f | NVDA+shift+f | none | Reports the formatting of the text where the review cursor is currently situated. Pressing twice shows the information in browse mode
Report current symbol replacement | None | None | none | Speaks the symbol where the review cursor is positioned. Pressed twice, shows the symbol and the text used to speak it in browse mode.

### Review Modes

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Touch | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Switch to next review mode | NVDA+numpad7 | NVDA+pageUp | 2-finger flick up | switches to the next available review mode
Switch to previous review mode | NVDA+numpad1 | NVDA+pageDown | 2-finger flick down | switches to the previous available review mode

### Navigating with the Mouse

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Touch | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Left mouse button click | numpadDivide | NVDA+[ | none | Clicks the left mouse button once. The common double click can be performed by pressing this key twice in quick succession
Left mouse button lock | shift+numpadDivide | NVDA+control+[ | none | Locks the left mouse button down. Press again to release it. To drag the mouse, press this key to lock the left button down and then move the mouse either physically or use one of the other mouse routing commands
Right mouse click | numpadMultiply | NVDA+] | tap and hold | Clicks the right mouse button once, mostly used to open context menu at the location of the mouse.
Right mouse button lock | shift+numpadMultiply | NVDA+control+] | none | Locks the right mouse button down. Press again to release it. To drag the mouse, press this key to lock the right button down and then move the mouse either physically or use one of the other mouse routing commands
Scroll up at the mouse position | none | none | none | Scrolls the mouse wheel up at the current mouse position
Scroll down at the mouse position | none | none | none | Scrolls the mouse wheel down at the current mouse position
Scroll left at the mouse position | none | none | none | Scrolls the mouse wheel left at the current mouse position
Scroll right at the mouse position | none | none | none | Scrolls the mouse wheel right at the current mouse position
Move mouse to current navigator object | NVDA+numpadDivide | NVDA+shift+m | none | Moves the mouse to the location of the current navigator object and review cursor
Navigate to the object under the mouse | NVDA+numpadMultiply | NVDA+shift+n | none | Set the navigator object to the object located at the position of the mouse

## Browse Mode

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Toggle browse/focus modes | NVDA+space | Toggles between focus mode and browse mode
Exit focus mode | escape | Switches back to browse mode if focus mode was previously switched to automatically
Refresh browse mode document | NVDA+f5 | Reloads the current document content (useful if certain content seems to be missing from the document. Not available in Microsoft Word and Outlook.)
Find | NVDA+control+f | Pops up a dialog in which you can type some text to find in the current document. See searching for text for more information.
Find next | NVDA+f3 | Finds the next occurrence of the text in the document that you previously searched for
Find previous | NVDA+shift+f3 | Finds the previous occurrence of the text in the document you previously searched for

### Single Letter Navigation

The following keys by themselves jump to the next available element, while adding the shift key causes them to jump to the previous element:

- h: heading
- l: list
- i: list item
- t: table
- k: link
- n: nonLinked text
- f: form field
- u: unvisited link
- v: visited link
- e: edit field
- b: button
- x: checkbox
- c: combo box
- r: radio button
- q: block quote
- s: separator
- m: frame
- g: graphic
- d: landmark
- o: embedded object (audio and video player, application, dialog, etc.)
- 1 to 9: headings at levels 1 to 9 respectively
- a: annotation (comment, editor revision, etc.)
- `p`: text paragraph
- w: spelling error

To move to the beginning or end of containing elements such as lists and tables:

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Move to start of container | shift+comma | Moves to the start of the container (list, table, etc.) where the caret is positioned
Move past end of container | comma | Moves past the end of the container (list, table, etc.) where the caret is positioned

To toggle single letter navigation on and off for the current document, press NVDA+shift+space.

### The Elements List

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Browse mode elements list | NVDA+f7 | Lists various types of elements in the current document

### Searching for text

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Find text | NVDA+control+f | Opens the search dialog
Find next | NVDA+f3 | searches the next occurrence of the current search term
Find previous | NVDA+shift+f3 | searches the previous occurrence of the current search term

### Embedded Objects

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Move to containing browse mode document | NVDA+control+space | Moves the focus out of the current embedded object and into the document that contains it

### Native Selection Mode

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Toggle Native Selection Mode on and off | `NVDA+shift+f10` | Toggles native selection mode on and off

## Reading Mathematical Content

### Interactive Navigation

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Interact with math content | NVDA+alt+m | Begins interaction with math content.

## Braille

### Braille Input

Pressing dot 7 erases the last entered braille cell or character. Dot 8 translates any braille input and presses the enter key. Pressing dot 7 + dot 8 translates any braille input, but without adding a space or pressing enter.

## Vision

### Screen Curtain

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Toggles the state of the screen curtain | `NVDA+control+escape` | Enable to make the screen black or disable to show the contents of the screen. Pressed once, screen curtain is enabled until you restart NVDA. Pressed twice, screen curtain is enabled until you disable it.

## Content Recognition

### Windows OCR

To recognize the text in the current navigator object using Windows OCR, press NVDA+r.

## Application Specific Features

### Microsoft Word

#### Automatic Column and Row Header Reading

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Set column headers | `NVDA+shift+c` | Pressing this once tells NVDA this is the first header cell in the row that contains column headers, which should be automatically announced when moving between columns below this row. Pressing twice will clear the setting.
Set row headers | `NVDA+shift+r` | Pressing this once tells NVDA this is the first header cell in the column that contains row headers, which should be automatically announced when moving between rows after this column. Pressing twice will clear the setting.

#### Browse Mode in Microsoft Word

To toggle Browse mode on and off in Microsoft Word, press NVDA+space.

##### The Elements List

While in Browse mode in Microsoft Word, you can access the Elements List by pressing NVDA+f7.

#### Reporting Comments

To report any comments at the current caret position, press `NVDA+alt+c`. Pressing twice shows the information in a browsable message.

### Microsoft Excel

#### Automatic Column and Row Header Reading

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Set column headers | `NVDA+shift+c` | Pressing this once tells NVDA this is the first header cell in the row that contains column headers, which should be automatically announced when moving between columns below this row. Pressing twice will clear the setting.
Set row headers | `NVDA+shift+r` | Pressing this once tells NVDA this is the first header cell in the column that contains row headers, which should be automatically announced when moving between rows after this column. Pressing twice will clear the setting.

#### The Elements List

To access the Elements List in Excel, press NVDA+f7.

#### Reporting Notes

To report any notes for the currently focused cell, press `NVDA+alt+c`. Pressing twice shows the information in a browsable message. In Microsoft 2016, 365 and newer, the classic comments in Microsoft Excel have been renamed to "notes".

To add or edit a certain note, in a focused cell, press shift+f2.

#### Reading Protected Cells

To allow moving to locked cells, switch to Browse Mode by pressing NVDA+space, and then use standard Excel movement commands such as the arrow keys to move around all cells on the current worksheet.

### Microsoft PowerPoint

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Toggle speaker notes reading | control+shift+s | When in a running slide show, this command will toggle between the speaker notes for the slide and the content for the slide. This only affects what NVDA reads, not what is displayed on screen.

### foobar2000

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Report remaining time | control+shift+r | Reports the remaining time of the currently playing track, if any.
Report elapsed time | control+shift+e | Reports the elapsed time of the currently playing track, if any.
Report track length | control+shift+t | Reports the length of the currently playing track, if any.

### Miranda IM

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Report recent message | NVDA+control+1-4 | Reports one of the recent messages, depending on the number pressed; e.g. NVDA+control+2 reads the second most recent message.

### Poedit

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Report notes for translators | `control+shift+a` | Reports any notes for translators. If pressed twice, presents the notes in browse mode
Report Comment | `control+shift+c` | Reports any comment in the comments window. If pressed twice, presents the comment in browse mode
Report Old Source Text | `control+shift+o` | Reports the old source text, if any. If pressed twice, presents the text in browse mode
Report Translation Warning | `control+shift+w` | Reports a translation warning, if any. If pressed twice, presents the warning in browse mode

### Kindle for PC

You can manually turn to the next page with the pageDown key and turn to the previous page with the pageUp key.

#### Text Selection

Once you have selected text, press the applications key or shift+f10 to show the available options for working with the selection.

### Azardi

When in the table view of added books:

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Enter | enter | Opens the selected book.
Context menu | applications | Opens the context menu for the selected book.

### Windows Console

The following built-in Windows Console keyboard shortcuts may be useful when reviewing text with NVDA in older versions of Windows Console:

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Scroll up | control+upArrow | Scrolls the console window up, so earlier text can be read.
Scroll down | control+downArrow | Scrolls the console window down, so later text can be read.
Scroll to start | control+home | Scrolls the console window to the beginning of the buffer.
Scroll to end | control+end | Scrolls the console window to the end of the buffer.

## Configuring NVDA

When in a dialog, pressing `f1` opens the User Guide at the paragraph related to the focused setting or the current dialog.

### NVDA Settings

#### General

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open General settings | `NVDA+control+g` | `NVDA+control+g` | The General category of the NVDA Settings dialog sets NVDA's overall behaviour such as interface language and whether or not it should check for updates.

#### Speech Settings

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Speech settings | `NVDA+control+v` | `NVDA+control+v` | The Speech category in the NVDA Settings dialog contains options that lets you change the speech synthesizer as well as voice characteristics for the chosen synthesizer.
Punctuation/Symbol Level | NVDA+p | NVDA+p | This allows you to choose the amount of punctuation and other symbols that should be spoken as words.

#### Select Synthesizer

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Select Synthesizer dialog | `NVDA+control+s` | `NVDA+control+s` | The Synthesizer dialog, which can be opened by activating the Change... button in the speech category of the NVDA settings dialog, allows you to select which Synthesizer NVDA should use to speak with.

#### Synth settings ring

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Move to next synth setting | NVDA+control+rightArrow | NVDA+shift+control+rightArrow | Moves to the next available speech setting after the current, wrapping around to the first setting again after the last
Move to previous synth setting | NVDA+control+leftArrow | NVDA+shift+control+leftArrow | Moves to the next available speech setting before the current, wrapping around to the last setting after the first
Increment current synth setting | NVDA+control+upArrow | NVDA+shift+control+upArrow | increases the current speech setting you are on. E.g. increases the rate, chooses the next voice, increases the volume
Increment the current synth setting in a larger step | `NVDA+control+pageUp` | `NVDA+shift+control+pageUp` | Increases the value of the current speech setting you're on in larger steps. e.g. when you're on a voice setting, it will jump forward every 20 voices; when you're on slider settings (rate, pitch, etc) it will jump forward the value up to 20%
Decrement current synth setting | NVDA+control+downArrow | NVDA+shift+control+downArrow | decreases the current speech setting you are on. E.g. decreases the rate, chooses the previous voice, decreases the volume
Decrement the current synth setting in a larger step | `NVDA+control+pageDown` | `NVDA+shift+control+pageDown` | Decreases the value of the current speech setting you're on in larger steps. e.g. when you're on a voice setting, it will jump backward every 20 voices; when you're on a slider setting, it will jump backward the value up to 20%

#### Braille

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Braille mode | `NVDA+alt+t` | `NVDA+alt+t` | This option allows you to select between the available braille modes.
Tether Braille | NVDA+control+t | NVDA+control+t | This option allows you to choose whether the braille display will follow the system focus / caret, the navigator object / review cursor, or both.

#### Select Braille Display

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Select Braille Display dialog | `NVDA+control+a` | `NVDA+control+a` | The Select Braille Display dialog, which can be opened by activating the Change... button in the Braille category of the NVDA settings dialog, allows you to select which Braille display NVDA should use for braille output.

#### Audio

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Audio settings | `NVDA+control+u` | `NVDA+control+u` | The Audio category in the NVDA Settings dialog contains options that let you change several aspects of audio output.
Audio Ducking Mode | `NVDA+shift+d` | `NVDA+shift+d` | This option allows you to choose if NVDA should lower the volume of other applications while NVDA is speaking, or all the time while NVDA is running.

##### Sound split

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Cycle Sound Split Mode | `NVDA+alt+s` | Cycles between sound split modes.

#### Keyboard

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Keyboard settings | `NVDA+control+k` | `NVDA+control+k` | The Keyboard category in the NVDA Settings dialog contains options that set how NVDA behaves as you use and type on your keyboard.
Speak Typed Characters | `NVDA+2` | `NVDA+2` | This option controls when NVDA announces characters you type on the keyboard.
Speak Typed Words | `NVDA+3` | `NVDA+3` | This option controls when NVDA announces words you type on the keyboard.
Speak Command Keys | NVDA+4 | NVDA+4 | When enabled, NVDA will announce all non-character keys you type on the keyboard. This includes key combinations such as control plus another letter.

#### Mouse

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Mouse settings | `NVDA+control+m` | `NVDA+control+m` | The Mouse category in the NVDA Settings dialog allows NVDA to track the mouse, play mouse coordinate beeps and sets other mouse usage options.
Enable mouse tracking | NVDA+m | NVDA+m | When enabled, NVDA will announce the text currently under the mouse pointer, as you move it around the screen. This allows you to find things on the screen, by physically moving the mouse, rather than trying to find them through object navigation.

#### Review Cursor

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Follow System Focus | NVDA+7 | NVDA+7 | When enabled, The review cursor will always be placed in the same object as the current system focus whenever the focus changes.
Follow System Caret | NVDA+6 | NVDA+6 | When enabled, the review cursor will automatically be moved to the position of the System caret each time it moves.

#### Object Presentation

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Object Presentation settings | `NVDA+control+o` | `NVDA+control+o` | The Object Presentation category in the NVDA Settings dialog is used to set how much information NVDA will present about controls such as description, position information and so on.
Progress bar output | NVDA+u | NVDA+u | This option controls how NVDA reports progress bar updates to you.
Report dynamic content changes | NVDA+5 | NVDA+5 | Toggles the announcement of new content in particular objects such as terminals and the history control in chat programs.

#### Browse Mode

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Browse Mode settings | `NVDA+control+b` | `NVDA+control+b` | The Browse Mode category in the NVDA Settings dialog is used to configure NVDA's behaviour when you read and navigate complex documents such as web pages.
Use screen layout | NVDA+v | NVDA+v | This option allows you to specify whether browse mode should place clickable content (links, buttons and fields) on its own line, or if it should keep it in the flow of text as it is visually shown.

#### Document Formatting

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Open Document Formatting settings | `NVDA+control+d` | `NVDA+control+d` | Most of the options in this category are for configuring what type of formatting you wish to have reported as you move the cursor around documents.

#### Advanced Settings

##### Annotations

To "Report summary of any annotation details at the system caret", press NVDA+d.

### Saving and Reloading the configuration

Name | Desktop key | Laptop key | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Save configuration | `NVDA+control+c` | `NVDA+control+c` | Saves your current configuration so that it is not lost when you exit NVDA
Revert configuration | `NVDA+control+r` | `NVDA+control+r` | Pressing once resets your configuration to when you last saved it. Pressing three times will reset it back to factory defaults.

### Configuration Profiles

#### Basic Management

- NVDA+control+p: Show the Configuration Profiles dialog.

## Remote Access

### Remote Access Key Commands Summary

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Toggle Remote connection | `NVDA+alt+r` | Starts a new Remote Access session or, if a session is already in progress, disconnects from it.
Toggle Control | `NVDA+alt+tab` | Switches between controlling the remote and local computer.
Connect | None | Starts a new Remote Access session. Unavailable in secure mode.
Copy link | None | Copies a link to the remote session to the clipboard.
Disconnect | None | Ends an existing Remote Access session.
Mute remote | None | Mutes or unmutes the speech coming from the remote computer.
Send clipboard | None | Sends the contents of the clipboard to the remote computer.
Send `control+alt+delete` | None | Sends `control+alt+delete` to the controlled computer.

## Extra Tools

### Log Viewer

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Open log viewer | `NVDA+f1` | Opens the log viewer and displays developer information about the current navigator object.
Copy a fragment of the log to the clipboard | `NVDA+control+shift+f1` | When this command is pressed once, it sets a starting point for the log content that should be captured. When pressed a second time, it copies the log content since the start point to your clipboard.

### Reload plugins

Name | Key | Description
--- | --- | ---
Reload plugins | `NVDA+control+f3` | Reloads NVDA's global plugins and app modules.
Report loaded app module and executable | `NVDA+control+f1` | Report the name of the app module, if any, and the name of the executable associated with the application which has the keyboard focus.

## Supported Braille Displays

### Freedom Scientific Focus/PAC Mate Series

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | topRouting1 (first cell on display)
Scroll braille display forward | topRouting20/40/80 (last cell on display)
Scroll braille display back | leftAdvanceBar
Scroll braille display forward | rightAdvanceBar
Toggle braille tethered to | leftGDFButton+rightGDFButton
Toggle left wiz wheel action | leftWizWheelPress
Move back using left wiz wheel action | leftWizWheelUp
Move forward using left wiz wheel action | leftWizWheelDown
Toggle right wiz wheel action | rightWizWheelPress
Move back using right wiz wheel action | rightWizWheelUp
Move forward using right wiz wheel action | rightWizWheelDown
Route to braille cell | routing
shift+tab key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot2
tab key | brailleSpaceBar+dot4+dot5
upArrow key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1
downArrow key | brailleSpaceBar+dot4
control+leftArrow key | brailleSpaceBar+dot2
control+rightArrow key | brailleSpaceBar+dot5
leftArrow | brailleSpaceBar+dot3
rightArrow key | brailleSpaceBar+dot6
home key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot3
end key | brailleSpaceBar+dot4+dot6
control+home key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot2+dot3
control+end key | brailleSpaceBar+dot4+dot5+dot6
alt key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot3+dot4
alt+tab key | brailleSpaceBar+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5
alt+shift+tab key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot2+dot5+dot6
windows+tab key | brailleSpaceBar+dot2+dot3+dot4
escape key | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot5
windows key | brailleSpaceBar+dot2+dot4+dot5+dot6
space key | brailleSpaceBar
Toggle control key | brailleSpaceBar+dot3+dot8
Toggle alt key | brailleSpaceBar+dot6+dot8
Toggle windows key | brailleSpaceBar+dot4+dot8
Toggle NVDA key | brailleSpaceBar+dot5+dot8
Toggle shift key | brailleSpaceBar+dot7+dot8
Toggle control and shift keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot3+dot7+dot8
Toggle alt and shift keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot6+dot7+dot8
Toggle windows and shift keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot4+dot7+dot8
Toggle NVDA and shift keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot5+dot7+dot8
Toggle control and alt keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot3+dot6+dot8
Toggle control, alt, and shift keys | brailleSpaceBar+dot3+dot6+dot7+dot8
windows+d key (minimize all applications) | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5+dot6
Report Current Line | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot4
NVDA menu | brailleSpaceBar+dot1+dot3+dot4+dot5

For newer Focus models that contain rocker bar keys (focus 40, focus 80 and focus blue):

Name | Key
--- | ---
Move braille display to previous line | leftRockerBarUp, rightRockerBarUp
Move braille display to next line | leftRockerBarDown, rightRockerBarDown

For Focus 80 only:

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | leftBumperBarUp, rightBumperBarUp
Scroll braille display forward | leftBumperBarDown, rightBumperBarDown

### Optelec ALVA 6 series/protocol converter

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | t1, etouch1
Move braille display to previous line | t2
Move to current focus | t3
Move braille display to next line | t4
Scroll braille display forward | t5, etouch3
Route to braille cell | routing
Report text formatting under braille cell | secondary routing
Toggle HID keyboard simulation | t1+spEnter
Move to top line in review | t1+t2
Move to bottom line in review | t4+t5
Toggle braille tethered to | t1+t3
Report title | etouch2
Report status bar | etouch4
shift+tab key | sp1
alt key | sp2, alt
escape key | sp3
tab key | sp4
upArrow key | spUp
downArrow key | spDown
leftArrow key | spLeft
rightArrow key | spRight
enter key | spEnter, enter
Report date/time | sp2+sp3
NVDA Menu | sp1+sp3
windows+d key (minimize all applications) | sp1+sp4
windows+b key (focus system tray) | sp3+sp4
windows key | sp1+sp2, windows
alt+tab key | sp2+sp4
control+home key | t3+spUp
control+end key | t3+spDown
home key | t3+spLeft
end key | t3+spRight
control key | control

### Handy Tech Displays

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left, up, b3
Scroll braille display forward | right, down, b6
Move braille display to previous line | b4
Move braille display to next line | b5
Route to braille cell | routing
shift+tab key | esc, left triple action key up+down
alt key | b2+b4+b5
escape key | b4+b6
tab key | enter, right triple action key up+down
enter key | esc+enter, left+right triple action key up+down, joystickAction
upArrow key | joystickUp
downArrow key | joystickDown
leftArrow key | joystickLeft
rightArrow key | joystickRight
NVDA Menu | b2+b4+b5+b6
Toggle braille tethered to | b2
Toggle the braille cursor | b1
Toggle focus context presentation | b7
Toggle braille input | space+b1+b3+b4 (space+capital B)

### MDV Lilli

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display backward | LF
Scroll braille display forward | RG
Move braille display to previous line | UP
Move braille display to next line | DN
Route to braille cell | route
shift+tab key | SLF
tab key | SRG
alt+tab key | SDN
alt+shift+tab key | SUP

### Baum/Humanware/APH/Orbit Braille Displays

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `d2`
Scroll braille display forward | `d5`
Move braille display to previous line | `d1`
Move braille display to next line | `d3`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
`shift+tab` key | `space+dot1+dot3`
`tab` key | `space+dot4+dot6`
`alt` key | `space+dot1+dot3+dot4` (`space+m`)
`escape` key | `space+dot1+dot5` (`space+e`)
`windows` key | `space+dot3+dot4`
`alt+tab` key | `space+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5` (`space+t`)
NVDA Menu | `space+dot1+dot3+dot4+dot5` (`space+n`)
`windows+d` key (minimize all applications) | `space+dot1+dot4+dot5` (`space+d`)
Say all | `space+dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5+dot6`

For displays which have a joystick:

Name | Key
--- | ---
upArrow key | up
downArrow key | down
leftArrow key | left
rightArrow key | right
enter key | select

### hedo ProfiLine USB

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | K1
Scroll braille display forward | K3
Move braille display to previous line | B2
Move braille display to next line | B5
Route to braille cell | routing
Toggle braille tethered to | K2
Say all | B6

### hedo MobilLine USB

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | K1
Scroll braille display forward | K3
Move braille display to previous line | B2
Move braille display to next line | B5
Route to braille cell | routing
Toggle braille tethered to | K2
Say all | B6

### HumanWare Brailliant BI/B Series / BrailleNote Touch

#### Key assignments for All models

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to previous line | up
Move braille display to next line | down
Route to braille cell | routing
Toggle braille tethered to | up+down
upArrow key | space+dot1
downArrow key | space+dot4
leftArrow key | space+dot3
rightArrow key | space+dot6
shift+tab key | space+dot1+dot3
tab key | space+dot4+dot6
alt key | space+dot1+dot3+dot4 (space+m)
escape key | space+dot1+dot5 (space+e)
enter key | dot8
windows key | space+dot3+dot4
alt+tab key | space+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+t)
NVDA Menu | space+dot1+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+n)
windows+d key (minimize all applications) | space+dot1+dot4+dot5 (space+d)
Say all | space+dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5+dot6

#### Key assignments for Brailliant BI 32, BI 40 and B 80

Name | Key
--- | ---
NVDA Menu | c1+c3+c4+c5 (command n)
windows+d key (minimize all applications) | c1+c4+c5 (command d)
Say all | c1+c2+c3+c4+c5+c6

#### Key assignments for Brailliant BI 14

Name | Key
--- | ---
up arrow key | joystick up
down arrow key | joystick down
left arrow key | joystick left
right arrow key | joystick right
enter key | joystick action

### HIMS Braille Sense/Braille EDGE/Smart Beetle/Sync Braille Series

Name | Key
--- | ---
Route to braille cell | routing
Scroll braille display back | leftSideScrollUp, rightSideScrollUp, leftSideScroll
Scroll braille display forward | leftSideScrollDown, rightSideScrollDown, rightSideScroll
Move braille display to previous line | leftSideScrollUp+rightSideScrollUp
Move braille display to next line | leftSideScrollDown+rightSideScrollDown
Move to previous line in review | rightSideUpArrow
Move to next line in review | rightSideDownArrow
Move to previous character in review | rightSideLeftArrow
Move to next character in review | rightSideRightArrow
Move to current focus | leftSideScrollUp+leftSideScrollDown, rightSideScrollUp+rightSideScrollDown, leftSideScroll+rightSideScroll
control key | smartbeetle:f1, brailleedge:f3
windows key | f7, smartbeetle:f2
alt key | dot1+dot3+dot4+space, f2, smartbeetle:f3, brailleedge:f4
shift key | f5
insert key | dot2+dot4+space, f6
applications key | dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+space, f8
Caps Lock key | dot1+dot3+dot6+space
tab key | dot4+dot5+space, f3, brailleedge:f2
shift+alt+tab key | f2+f3+f1
alt+tab key | f2+f3
shift+tab key | dot1+dot2+space
end key | dot4+dot6+space
control+end key | dot4+dot5+dot6+space
home key | dot1+dot3+space, smartbeetle:f4
control+home key | dot1+dot2+dot3+space
alt+f4 key | dot1+dot3+dot5+dot6+space
leftArrow key | dot3+space, leftSideLeftArrow
control+shift+leftArrow key | dot2+dot8+space+f1
control+leftArrow key | dot2+space
shift+alt+leftArrow key | dot2+dot7+f1
`alt+leftArrow` | `dot2+dot7+space`
rightArrow key | dot6+space, leftSideRightArrow
control+shift+rightArrow key | dot5+dot8+space+f1
control+rightArrow key | dot5+space
shift+alt+rightArrow key | dot5+dot7+f1
`alt+rightArrow` | `dot5+dot7+space`
pageUp key | dot1+dot2+dot6+space
control+pageUp key | dot1+dot2+dot6+dot8+space
upArrow key | dot1+space, leftSideUpArrow
control+shift+upArrow key | dot2+dot3+dot8+space+f1
control+upArrow key | dot2+dot3+space
shift+alt+upArrow key | dot2+dot3+dot7+f1
`alt+upArrow` | `dot2+dot3+dot7+space`
shift+upArrow key | leftSideScrollDown+space
pageDown key | dot3+dot4+dot5+space
control+pageDown key | dot3+dot4+dot5+dot8+space
downArrow key | dot4+space, leftSideDownArrow
control+shift+downArrow key | dot5+dot6+dot8+space+f1
control+downArrow key | dot5+dot6+space
shift+alt+downArrow key | dot5+dot6+dot7+f1
`alt+downArrow` | `dot5+dot6+dot7+space`
shift+downArrow key | space+rightSideScrollDown
escape key | dot1+dot5+space, f4, brailleedge:f1
delete key | dot1+dot3+dot5+space, dot1+dot4+dot5+space
f1 key | dot1+dot2+dot5+space
f3 key | dot1+dot4+dot8+space
f4 key | dot7+f3
windows+b key | dot1+dot2+f1
windows+d key | dot1+dot4+dot5+f1
control+insert key | smartbeetle:f1+rightSideScroll
alt+insert key | smartbeetle:f3+rightSideScroll

### Seika Braille Displays

#### Seika Version 3, 4, and 5 (40 cells), Seika80 (80 cells)

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to previous line | b3
Move braille display to next line | b4
Toggle braille tethered to | b5
Say all | b6
tab | b1
shift+tab | b2
alt+tab | b1+b2
NVDA Menu | left+right
Route to braille cell | routing

#### MiniSeika (16, 24 cells), V6, and V6Pro (40 cells)

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Say all | space+Backspace
NVDA Menu | Left+Right
Move braille display to previous line | LJ up
Move braille display to next line | LJ down
Toggle braille tethered to | LJ center
tab | LJ right
shift+tab | LJ left
upArrow key | RJ up
downArrow key | RJ down
leftArrow key | RJ left
rightArrow key | RJ right
Route to braille cell | routing
shift+upArrow key | Space+RJ up, Backspace+RJ up
shift+downArrow key | Space+RJ down, Backspace+RJ down
shift+leftArrow key | Space+RJ left, Backspace+RJ left
shift+rightArrow key | Space+RJ right, Backspace+RJ right
enter key | RJ center, dot8
escape key | Space+RJ center
windows key | Backspace+RJ center
space key | Space, Backspace
backspace key | dot7
pageup key | space+LJ right
pagedown key | space+LJ left
home key | space+LJ up
end key | space+LJ down
control+home key | backspace+LJ up
control+end key | backspace+LJ down

### Papenmeier BRAILLEX Newer Models

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to previous line | up
Move braille display to next line | dn
Route to braille cell | routing
Report current character in review | l1
Activate current navigator object | l2
Toggle braille tethered to | r2
Report title | l1+up
Report Status Bar | l2+down
Move to containing object | up2
Move to first contained object | dn2
Move to previous object | left2
Move to next object | right2
Report text formatting under braille cell | upper routing row

Name | Key
--- | ---
escape key | space with dot 7
upArrow key | space with dot 2
leftArrow key | space with dot 1
rightArrow key | space with dot 4
downArrow | space with dot 5
control key | lt+dot2
alt key | lt+dot3
control+escape key | space with dot 1 2 3 4 5 6
tab key | space with dot 3 7

### Papenmeier Braille BRAILLEX Older Models

Devices with EAB:

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to previous line | up
Move braille display to next line | dn
Route to braille cell | routing
Report current character in review | l1
Activate current navigator object | l2
Report title | l1up
Report Status Bar | l2down
Move to containing object | up2
Move to first contained object | dn2
Move to next object | right2
Move to previous object | left2
Report text formatting under braille cell | upper routing strip

BRAILLEX Tiny:

Name | Key
--- | ---
Report current character in review | l1
Activate current navigator object | l2
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to previous line | up
Move braille display to next line | dn
Toggle braille tethered to | r2
Move to containing object | r1+up
Move to first contained object | r1+dn
Move to previous object | r1+left
Move to next object | r1+right
Report text formatting under braille cell | upper routing strip
Report title | l1+up
Report status bar | l2+down

BRAILLEX 2D Screen:

Name | Key
--- | ---
Report current character in review | l1
Activate current navigator object | l2
Toggle braille tethered to | r2
Report text formatting under braille cell | upper routing strip
Move braille display to previous line | up
Scroll braille display back | left
Scroll braille display forward | right
Move braille display to next line | dn
Move to next object | left2
Move to containing object | up2
Move to first contained object | dn2
Move to previous object | right2

### HumanWare BrailleNote

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | back
Scroll braille display forward | advance
Move braille display to previous line | previous
Move braille display to next line | next
Route to braille cell | routing
NVDA menu | space+dot1+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+n)
Toggle braille tethered to | previous+next
Up arrow key | space+dot1
Down arrow key | space+dot4
Left Arrow key | space+dot3
Right arrow key | space+dot6
Page up key | space+dot1+dot3
Page down key | space+dot4+dot6
Home key | space+dot1+dot2
End key | space+dot4+dot5
Control+home keys | space+dot1+dot2+dot3
Control+end keys | space+dot4+dot5+dot6
Space key | space
Enter | space+dot8
Backspace | space+dot7
Tab key | space+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+t)
Shift+tab keys | space+dot1+dot2+dot5+dot6
Windows key | space+dot2+dot4+dot5+dot6 (space+w)
Alt key | space+dot1+dot3+dot4 (space+m)
Toggle input help | space+dot2+dot3+dot6 (space+lower h)

Following are commands assigned to BrailleNote QT when it is not in braille input mode.

Name | Key
--- | ---
NVDA menu | read+n
Up arrow key | upArrow
Down arrow key | downArrow
Left Arrow key | leftArrow
Right arrow key | rightArrow
Page up key | function+upArrow
Page down key | function+downArrow
Home key | function+leftArrow
End key | function+rightArrow
Control+home keys | read+t
Control+end keys | read+b
Enter key | enter
Backspace key | backspace
Tab key | tab
Shift+tab keys | shift+tab
Windows key | read+w
Alt key | read+m
Toggle input help | read+1

Following are commands assigned to the scroll wheel:

Name | Key
--- | ---
Up arrow key | upArrow
Down arrow key | downArrow
Left Arrow key | leftArrow
Right arrow key | rightArrow
Enter key | centre button
Tab key | scroll wheel clockwise
Shift+tab keys | scroll wheel counterclockwise

### EcoBraille

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | T2
Scroll braille display forward | T4
Move braille display to previous line | T1
Move braille display to next line | T5
Route to braille cell | Routing
Activate current navigator object | T3
Switch to next review mode | F1
Move to containing object | F2
Switch to previous review mode | F3
Move to previous object | F4
Report current object | F5
Move to next object | F6
Move to focus object | F7
Move to first contained object | F8
Move System focus or caret to current review position | F9
Report review cursor location | F0
Toggle braille tethered to | A

### SuperBraille

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | numpadMinus
Scroll braille display forward | numpadPlus

### Eurobraille displays

#### Braille keyboard functions

Name | Key
--- | ---
Erase the last entered braille cell or character | `backspace`
Translate any braille input and press the enter key | `backspace+space`
Toggle `NVDA` key | `dot3+dot5+space`
`insert` key | `dot1+dot3+dot5+space`, `dot3+dot4+dot5+space`
`delete` key | `dot3+dot6+space`
`home` key | `dot1+dot2+dot3+space`
`end` key | `dot4+dot5+dot6+space`
`leftArrow` key | `dot2+space`
`rightArrow` key | `dot5+space`
`upArrow` key | `dot1+space`
`downArrow` key | `dot6+space`
`pageUp` key | `dot1+dot3+space`
`pageDown` key | `dot4+dot6+space`
`numpad1` key | `dot1+dot6+backspace`
`numpad2` key | `dot1+dot2+dot6+backspace`
`numpad3` key | `dot1+dot4+dot6+backspace`
`numpad4` key | `dot1+dot4+dot5+dot6+backspace`
`numpad5` key | `dot1+dot5+dot6+backspace`
`numpad6` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+dot6+backspace`
`numpad7` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+dot5+dot6+backspace`
`numpad8` key | `dot1+dot2+dot5+dot6+backspace`
`numpad9` key | `dot2+dot4+dot6+backspace`
`numpadInsert` key | `dot3+dot4+dot5+dot6+backspace`
`numpadDecimal` key | `dot2+backspace`
`numpadDivide` key | `dot3+dot4+backspace`
`numpadMultiply` key | `dot3+dot5+backspace`
`numpadMinus` key | `dot3+dot6+backspace`
`numpadPlus` key | `dot2+dot3+dot5+backspace`
`numpadEnter` key | `dot3+dot4+dot5+backspace`
`escape` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+dot5+space`, `l2`
`tab` key | `dot2+dot5+dot6+space`, `l3`
`shift+tab` keys | `dot2+dot3+dot5+space`
`printScreen` key | `dot1+dot3+dot4+dot6+space`
`pause` key | `dot1+dot4+space`
`applications` key | `dot5+dot6+backspace`
`f1` key | `dot1+backspace`
`f2` key | `dot1+dot2+backspace`
`f3` key | `dot1+dot4+backspace`
`f4` key | `dot1+dot4+dot5+backspace`
`f5` key | `dot1+dot5+backspace`
`f6` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+backspace`
`f7` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+dot5+backspace`
`f8` key | `dot1+dot2+dot5+backspace`
`f9` key | `dot2+dot4+backspace`
`f10` key | `dot2+dot4+dot5+backspace`
`f11` key | `dot1+dot3+backspace`
`f12` key | `dot1+dot2+dot3+backspace`
`windows` key | `dot1+dot2+dot4+dot5+dot6+space`
Toggle `windows` key | `dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+backspace`, `dot2+dot4+dot5+dot6+space`
`capsLock` key | `dot7+backspace`, `dot8+backspace`
`numLock` key | `dot3+backspace`, `dot6+backspace`
`shift` key | `dot7+space`
Toggle `shift` key | `dot1+dot7+space`, `dot4+dot7+space`
`control` key | `dot7+dot8+space`
Toggle `control` key | `dot1+dot7+dot8+space`, `dot4+dot7+dot8+space`
`alt` key | `dot8+space`
Toggle `alt` key | `dot1+dot8+space`, `dot4+dot8+space`
Toggle HID Keyboard simulation | `switch1Left+joystick1Down`, `switch1Right+joystick1Down`

#### b.book keyboard commands

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `backward`
Scroll braille display forward | `forward`
Move to current focus | `backward+forward`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
`leftArrow` key | `joystick2Left`
`rightArrow` key | `joystick2Right`
`upArrow` key | `joystick2Up`
`downArrow` key | `joystick2Down`
`enter` key | `joystick2Center`
`escape` key | `c1`
`tab` key | `c2`
Toggle `shift` key | `c3`
Toggle `control` key | `c4`
Toggle `alt` key | `c5`
Toggle `NVDA` key | `c6`
`control+Home` key | `c1+c2+c3`
`control+End` key | `c4+c5+c6`

#### b.note keyboard commands

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `leftKeypadLeft`
Scroll braille display forward | `leftKeypadRight`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
Report text formatting under braille cell | `doubleRouting`
Move to next line in review | `leftKeypadDown`
Switch to previous review mode | `leftKeypadLeft+leftKeypadUp`
Switch to next review mode | `leftKeypadRight+leftKeypadDown`
`leftArrow` key | `rightKeypadLeft`
`rightArrow` key | `rightKeypadRight`
`upArrow` key | `rightKeypadUp`
`downArrow` key | `rightKeypadDown`
`control+home` key | `rightKeypadLeft+rightKeypadUp`
`control+end` key | `rightKeypadLeft+rightKeypadUp`

#### Esys keyboard commands

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `switch1Left`
Scroll braille display forward | `switch1Right`
Move to current focus | `switch1Center`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
Report text formatting under braille cell | `doubleRouting`
Move to previous line in review | `joystick1Up`
Move to next line in review | `joystick1Down`
Move to previous character in review | `joystick1Left`
Move to next character in review | `joystick1Right`
`leftArrow` key | `joystick2Left`
`rightArrow` key | `joystick2Right`
`upArrow` key | `joystick2Up`
`downArrow` key | `joystick2Down`
`enter` key | `joystick2Center`

#### Esytime keyboard commands

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `l1`
Scroll braille display forward | `l8`
Move to current focus | `l1+l8`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
Report text formatting under braille cell | `doubleRouting`
Move to previous line in review | `joystick1Up`
Move to next line in review | `joystick1Down`
Move to previous character in review | `joystick1Left`
Move to next character in review | `joystick1Right`
`leftArrow` key | `joystick2Left`
`rightArrow` key | `joystick2Right`
`upArrow` key | `joystick2Up`
`downArrow` key | `joystick2Down`
`enter` key | `joystick2Center`
`escape` key | `l2`
`tab` key | `l3`
Toggle `shift` key | `l4`
Toggle `control` key | `l5`
Toggle `alt` key | `l6`
Toggle `NVDA` key | `l7`
`control+home` key | `l1+l2+l3`, `l2+l3+l4`
`control+end` key | `l6+l7+l8`, `l5+l6+l7`
Toggle HID Keyboard simulation | `l1+joystick1Down`, `l8+joystick1Down`

### Nattiq nBraille Displays

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | up
Scroll braille display forward | down
Move braille display to previous line | left
Move braille display to next line | right
Route to braille cell | routing

### BRLTTY

Name | BRLTTY command
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `fwinlt` (go left one window)
Scroll braille display forward | `fwinrt` (go right one window)
Move braille display to previous line | `lnup` (go up one line)
Move braille display to next line | `lndn` (go down one line)
Route to braille cell | `route` (bring cursor to character)
Toggle input help | `learn` (enter/leave command learn mode)
Open the NVDA menu | `prefmenu` (enter/leave preferences menu)
Revert configuration | `prefload` (restore preferences from disk)
Save configuration | `prefsave` (save preferences to disk)
Report time | `time` (show current date and time)
Speak the line where the review cursor is located | `say_line` (speak current line)
Say all using review cursor | `say_below` (speak from current line through bottom of screen)

### Tivomatic Caiku Albatross 46/80

Name | Key
--- | ---
Move to top line in review | `home1`, `home2`
Move to bottom line in review | `end1`, `end2`
Sets the navigator object to the current focus | `eCursor1`, `eCursor2`
Move to current focus | `cursor1`, `cursor2`
Moves the mouse pointer to the current navigator object | `home1+home2`
Sets the navigator object to the current object under the mouse pointer and speaks it | `end1+end2`
Moves focus to current navigator object | `eCursor1+eCursor2`
Toggle braille tethered to | `cursor1+cursor2`
Move braille display to previous line | `up1`, `up2`, `up3`
Move braille display to next line | `down1`, `down2`, `down3`
Scroll braille display back | `left`, `lWheelLeft`, `rWheelLeft`
Scroll braille display forward | `right`, `lWheelRight`, `rWheelRight`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
Report text formatting under braille cell | `secondary routing`
Toggle the way context information is presented in braille | `attribute1+attribute3`
Cycles between speech modes | `attribute2+attribute4`
Switches to the previous review mode (e.g. object, document or screen) | `f1`
Switches to the next review mode (e.g. object, document or screen) | `f2`
Moves the navigator object to the object containing it | `f3`
Moves the navigator object to the first object inside it | `f4`
Moves the navigator object to the previous object | `f5`
Moves the navigator object to the next object | `f6`
Reports the current navigator object | `f7`
Reports information about the location of the text or object at the review cursor | `f8`
Shows braille settings | `f1+home1`, `f9+home2`
Reads status bar and moves navigator object into it | `f1+end1`, `f9+end2`
Cycle the braille cursor shape | `f1+eCursor1`, `f9+eCursor2`
Toggle the braille cursor | `f1+cursor1`, `f9+cursor2`
Cycle the braille show messages mode | `f1+f2`, `f9+f10`
Cycle the braille show selection state | `f1+f5`, `f9+f14`
Cycle the "braille move system caret when routing review cursor" states | `f1+f3`, `f9+f11`
Performs the default action on the current navigator object | `f7+f8`
Reports date/time | `f9`
Reports battery status and time remaining if AC is not plugged in | `f10`
Reports title | `f11`
Reports status bar | `f12`
Reports the current line under the application cursor | `f13`
Say all | `f14`
Reports current character under review cursor | `f15`
Reports the line of the current navigator object where the review cursor is situated | `f16`
Speaks the word of the current navigator object where the review cursor is situated | `f15+f16`
Moves the review cursor to the previous line of the current navigator object and speaks it | `lWheelUp`, `rWheelUp`
Moves the review cursor to the next line of the current navigator object and speaks it | `lWheelDown`, `rWheelDown`
`Windows+d` key (minimize all applications) | `attribute1`
`Windows+e` key (this computer) | `attribute2`
`Windows+b` key (focus system tray) | `attribute3`
`Windows+i` key (Windows settings) | `attribute4`

### NLS eReader Zoomax

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `d2`
Scroll braille display forward | `d5`
Move braille display to previous line | `d1`
Move braille display to next line | `d3`
Route to braille cell | `routing`
Up arrow key | `up`
Down arrow key | `down`
Left arrow key | `left`
Right arrow key | `right`
Enter key | `select`

### Standard HID Braille displays

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | pan left or rocker up
Scroll braille display forward | pan right or rocker down
Route to braille cell | routing set 1
Toggle braille tethered to | up+down
upArrow key | joystick up, dpad up or space+dot1
downArrow key | joystick down, dpad down or space+dot4
leftArrow key | space+dot3, joystick left or dpad left
rightArrow key | space+dot6, joystick right or dpad right
shift+tab key | space+dot1+dot3
tab key | space+dot4+dot6
alt key | space+dot1+dot3+dot4 (space+m)
escape key | space+dot1+dot5 (space+e)
enter key | dot8, joystick center or dpad center
windows key | space+dot3+dot4
alt+tab key | space+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+t)
NVDA Menu | space+dot1+dot3+dot4+dot5 (space+n)
windows+d key (minimize all applications) | space+dot1+dot4+dot5 (space+d)
Say all | space+dot1+dot2+dot3+dot4+dot5+dot6

### Dot Pad

Name | Key
--- | ---
Scroll braille display back | `pan_left`
Scroll braille display forward | `pan_right`